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When citing
sources in the body of the paper, the author and the page number must
be given. The author can be included in the text or in the
parenthetical reference. The page number is placed at the end of the sentence in parenthesis.
AUTHOR'S NAME IN
TEXT
Florence Davis
reports that a chimp at the Yerkes Primate Research Center "has combined
words into sentences that she was never taught" (67).
AUTHOR'S NAME IN
REFERENCE
Although the baby
chimp lived only a few hours, Washoe signed to it before it died (Davis 42).
A chimp at the Yerkes
Primate Research Center "has combined words into sentences that she was
never taught" (Davis 67).
TWO OR THREE AUTHORS
If a work has two or
three authors, all authors must be included either in the text or in the
parenthetical reference.
Patterson and Linden
agree that the gorilla Koko acquired language more slowly than a normal
speaking child (83-90).
Both Lucy and Koko
have been reported to lie (Desmond, Patterson and Linden 83-90).
FOUR OR MORE AUTHORS
List the first author of
the work followed by et al. in the text or in the parenthetical reference.
According to Doe et
al., the study was extended for two years, and only after results were
duplicated on both coasts did the authors publish their results (137-39).
The study was
extended for two years, and only after results were duplicated on both
coasts did the authors publish their results (Doe et al. 137).
NO AUTHOR OR PAGE
NUMBER IS GIVEN, BUT A TITLE IS GIVEN
Remember in your works cited list, you cited your sources
alphabetically. If a work had no author given, you listed the resource by
article title. In the case of online sources, if the article had no author
or title, then you listed the Web site name. The parenthetical reference
must point to the specific source listed alphabetically in your works cited
list.
Cited in the
parenthetical reference. Web site example:
Adolescence is a time
when inner and outer influences demand change (Adolescence).
(Whereas "Adolescence" is the Web site name).
Falluja is attacked
from all sides in hope of preparing the way for elections in January
("Battle").
(Whereas "Battle" is the first word in the article title).
QUOTATIONS THAT ARE
MORE THAN 3 LINES LONG
Introduce the quote and
follow it with a colon. Indent the quote 10 spaces or press tab twice. Do
not use quotation marks. Follow the quote with a period before
the parenthetical reference.
John K. Malone adds a
further insight to our understanding of the War of 1812:
Financing the war was very difficult at the
time. Baring Brothers, a banking firm of the enemy country, handled routine
accounts for the United States overseas, but the firm would take on no
loans. The loans were in the end absorbed by wealthy Americans at great
hazard—also, as it turned out, at great profit to them. (385)
POETRY
Place quotation marks
around the verse and separate each line by a space, slash, space. Up to 3
lines of verse can be placed this way in the body of the text. Anything over
3 lines should be typed out as stated above.
Reflecting on the "incident" in Baltimore, Cullen concludes, "Of all the
things that happened there / That's all that I remember" (11-12).
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