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Format
Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book.
Place of Publication: Publisher Name, Date of
publication.
Example
Jones, Maurice K. Say It Loud: The Story of Rap Music.
Brookfield, CT: Millbrook Press, 1994.
BOOK with TWO AUTHORS
Format
Author's Last Name, First Name and Second Author's First and Last Name.
Title of Book.
Place of Publication: Publisher Name, Date of publication.
Example
Clark, Trisha and James Kirsch. Understanding the Effects of Drugs on
Society Today.
Chicago: Illinois Free Press, 1998.
BOOK with THREE
AUTHORS or more
Format
Author's Last Name, First Name of first author listed, et. al. Title of
Book.
Place of Publication: Publisher Name, Date of publication.
Example
Marvin, Mariah, et. al. The Human Adventure. New York: Addison-Wesley
Publishing Co., 1999.
BOOK with NO
AUTHOR but an EDITOR
Format
Editor's Last Name, First Name, ed. Title of Book. Place of
Publication:
Publisher Name, Date of publication.
Example
Szumski, Bonnie, ed. Terrorism: Opposing Viewpoints. St. Paul, MN:
Greenhaven Press, 1996.
ENCYCLOPEDIA or DICTIONARY
Format
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Entry Title."
Name of Encyclopedia
or Dictionary. Year ed.
Encyclopedia
Article Example - With Author (Signed)
Claw, Charles J. "Hummingbird." World Book Encyclopedia. 1998 ed.
Encyclopedia Article Example - No Author
(Unsigned)
"Hummingbird." Collier's Encyclopedia. 1998 ed.
Dictionary Entry Example
"Hummingbird." Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary. 1997 ed.
ARTICLES from SPECIAL REFERENCE BOOKS
Format
"Title of Article." Title of Reference Book.
Edition. Year: Page number.
Examples
"High School for Girls."
Famous First Facts. 3rd ed. 1998: 12-16.
"Oldest Human Body." The
Guinness Book of Records. 22nd ed. 1993: 139.
SELECTION FROM AN ANTHOLOGY BOOK
Format
Author. "Title of Selection." Title of
Anthology Book. Edition. Editor. Place
of Publication: Publisher, Year.
Page number.
Example
Fiske, John. "Madonna." Ways of Reading:
An Anthology for Writers. 3rd ed.
Ed. David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky.
Boston: Bedford, 1993. 158-177.
MAGAZINE
ARTICLE
Format
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Article Title."
Magazine Title
Date of Issue: Page number.
Example - with Author
Ramonds, Seth. "Capitalism and German Democracy."
People
May 1998: 45-71.
Example – No Author
"What Doomed the Mayans?" Newsweek 29
Jan. 1983: 31.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Format
Author's Last Name, First Name (known as Byline).
"Article Title."
Newspaper Name Date,
edition.: Section and page number.
Example - with
Author/Byline
Oorjitham, Santha. "Lost in the Jungle." New
Straits Times
8 Feb. 1982, late ed.: A3.
Example – No Author/Byline
"Lost in the Jungle." New Straits Times 8
Feb. 1982, late ed.: A3.
BROCHURE or
PAMPHLET
Format, Same as Book
- Example
Gregorczyk, Joanna, ed. Cracow. Warszawa:
Polish Tourist Information
Center, 1989.
POSTER, CHART, or MAP
Format, Same as Book, except add type - Example
Michigan. Map.
Chicago: Rand, 2000.
Format
Author's Last Name, First
Name. "Article Entry Title." Publication CD Disk Title.
Any version or edition numbers. CD-ROM. Publication information, Date.
Example
Burka, Lauren P. "Aldehyde."
The Software Toolworks Multimedia Encyclopedia.
Version 1.5. CD-ROM. Boston: Grolier, 1998.
INTERVIEW
Format
Name of Person being Interviewed. Type of
Interview. Title. Source.
Location if applicable.
Date.
Examples
Sillick, John. Personal
Interview. 2 Sept. 2002.
Rico,
Jose. Interview. Afternoon Edition. WILL Public Radio.
Urbana, IL. 23 Sept. 1992.
PERFORMANCE
Format
"Title." By Author. Translator. Director. Performer. Theater, Location. Date.
Example
"Medea." By Euripedes. Dir. Jonathan Kent. Perf. Diana Rigg. Longacre
Theatre,
New York. 7 Apr. 1994.
LECTURE, SPEECH, OR
ADDRESS:
Format:
Speaker. Type. "Title" or Venue. Location.
Date.
Example
Kennedy, John Fitgerald. Greater Houston Ministerial Association. Houston.
12 Sept. 1960.
WORK OF ART
Format
Artist.
Title. Gallery or Site, Location.
Example:
Bernini, Gianlorenzo. Ecstasy of St. Teresa. Santa Maria della Vittoria,
Rome.
VIDEO
Format
Title. Director. First Name Last Name. Performers Distributor, Year.
Example
It's a Wonderful Life.
Dir. Frank Capra.
Perf. James Stuart, Donna Reed, and Lionel Barrymore. RKO, 1946.
TELEVISION PROGRAM
Format
"Title of Episode or Segment." Credit Performer
or Writer. Title of Program.
Name of Network. Call letters if any, City of
Local Station if any. Broadcast Date.
Examples
"Secrets of the Lost Empires." Nova. PBS. KHET, Los Angeles. 26 May 1998.
"Designing Woman." Reported by Maria Shriver. Dateline. NBC. WGRZ, Buffalo.
15 Mar. 1999.
COMPACT DISC RECORDING
Format
Artist's last name, First Name. "Title
of Song." Title of Disc.
Recording Company, year of release.
Example
King, Carole. "You've Got a Friend." Tapestry. RCA,
1973.
ONLINE SOURCES
INTERNET SITES
(World Wide Web, etc.)
Format
Author's Last Name, First
Name. "Title of Document." Title of Internet site.
Document date or Date of
last revision. Name of Organization sponsoring the site. Date when source
was accessed <URL>.
Example
Burka, Lauren P. "A
Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions." The MUDdex.
Last Revised 22 Oct. 1999. 15 Oct. 2003 <http://www.apocalypse.org/pub/u/lpb/muddex/essay/>.
ARTICLE IN A REFERENCE DATABASE (i.e.
Online Encyclopedias)
Format
"Article Title."
Reference Title. Version. Date. Publisher. Date of Access <URL>.
Example
"Table Tennis."
Britannica Online. Vers. 97.1.1. Mar. 1997. Encyclopeadia
Britannica.
29 Mar. 1997 <http://www.eb.com>.
NEWS SOURCES ONLINE
Newspaper Article
Format
Author's Last Name, First
Name. "Article Title."
Newspaper Title
Date. Date Accessed <URL>.
Newspaper Article Example
Starks, Caroline. "Growing Suburbs May Lose
Out on School Grants."
Chicago Tribune 31 Jan. 1998.
14 Apr. 1998 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com>.
Newspaper Article
Example (no author)
"Israel, PLO Intensify Peace Efforts."
Reuters 10 Jan. 1995. 14 Apr. 1997 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com>.
INFOTRAC
Format
Author's Last Name, First
Name. "Article Title." Publication Title Volume number. Issue
number. Date of publication: Page range or Number of pages.
Name of Database. Name of Service.
Location of Database. Date retrieved <URL>.
Example
Schaefer, Bradley E.
"Meteors That Changed the World." Sky and Telescope 96.6.
Dec. 1998: 8 pp. InfoTrac. Gale. Royalton-Hartland Jr./Sr.
High School Library.
29 Oct. 1999 <http://infotrac.galegroup.com>.
EBSCOHOST
Format
Author's Last Name, First
Name. "Article Title."
Publication Title Volume number. Issue number.
Date of publication: Page range or Number of pages. Name
of Database. Name of Service.
Location of Database. Date retrieved <URL>.
Example
"Diabetes Increases Risk
for Caesarean Delivery." Nutrition Research Newsletter
October 1999: 6-7.
Health
Source. Ebscohost. King College Library, Kingwood.
8 May 2002 <http://www.epnet.com/ehost/login.html>.
ELECTRONIC MAIL
Format
Author's Last
Name, First Name. "Subject Line
from the Message." E-mail to Recipient's Name ( recipient's email address).
Message Date.
Example
Bruckman, Amy S.
"Moose Crossing Proposal."
E-mail to Bill
W. Omar (bomar@aol.com). 6 Aug. 1999.
INTERNET RELAY CHAT
(IRC)
Format
Last Name of Online
Speaker, First Name or Initial. Description and Title of the event. Date of
event.
Forum for communication. Date of retrieval <URL>.
Example
Gates, Bill. Online
Defense of Microsoft. 25 July 2002. IRC.
28 July 2002 <http://lingua.utdallas.edu/linguarchive/defense.txt>.
DISCUSSION LISTS (LISTSERVS) and
NEWSGROUPS
Format
Author's Last Name, First
Name. "Title of Item Subject of Posting." Online posting.
Date of Document. Name
of Forum. Access date <URL> .
Example
Brown, David.
"Educational Insights." Online posting. 12 May 1995.
Educational Research Discussion Group. 22 Sept. 1996 <news://k12.ed.research>.
ONLINE IMAGES, VIDEO CLIPS, and SOUNDS
Format
Author. Description or "Title of
Image." [Online Image or Video Clip or Sound]
Title of Internet site. Date accessed <URL>.
Example
Hubble Space Telescope release in the Space Shuttle's Payload Bay. [Online
Image]
NASA. 2 Oct. 2001 <http://explorer@nasa.gov/pub/SPACE/GIF/s31-04-015.gif >.
Compiled from MLA <http://www.mla.org>
by the Royhart Jr/Sr HS Media Center
October 2002: Updated October 2003
Special thanks to Ellen Genet
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